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4.2.2 Mechanism of action in dry eye disease LFs antioxidant properties on the ocular surface, where it chelates free iron and prevents the formation of harmful hydroxyl radicals, thus protecting CECs from oxidative stress (Pastori et al., 2015)

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In longer-term cell culture or standardized animal model studies, changes in transporter expression, mitochondrial adaptation, substrate preference, or gene expression may occur as indirect consequences of altered metabolic state, but those effects should not be described as a direct receptor-mediated transcriptional program unless the mechanism has been specifically demonstrated in the tested model