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Pathophysiology of DKD In DKD, chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role through multiple interconnected pathways

114 Supplementation of vitamin C in humans and animals alike is associated with a decreased cortisol response after exposure to psychological or physical stress

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The excessive mtROS levels lead to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, promoting further damage to mETC with consequent more electron leakage and mtROS production [5]